Can asthma cause SIADH?

Pulmonary disease Several lung disorders including pneumonia can cause SIADH by unknown mechanisms. [15] Other pulmonary diseases causing SIADH are bronchial asthma, atelectasis, acute respiratory failure and pneumothorax.

How does pulmonary disease cause SIADH?

Pulmonary diseases such as COPD also can cause SIADH due to renal vasoconstriction and antidiuresis in response to hypercapnia. The renal response eventually leads to hyponatremia due to water retention. Idiopathic SIADH is also a common cause of hyponatremia in older adults.

Can bronchiectasis cause SIADH?

Because a broad range of pulmonary disorders are associated with SIADH, bronchiectasis was considered to be the cause of the syndrome, particularly in view of the normal findings on magnetic resonance imaging of the brain.

What is the difference between DI and SIADH?

Impaired AVP secretion or response results in impaired renal concentration and is termed diabetes insipidus (DI). Hyponatremia that results from AVP production in the absence of an osmotic or hemodynamic stimulus is termed syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH).

What happens to potassium in SIADH?

Serum potassium concentration generally remains unchanged.

Can pneumonia cause SIADH?

Common lung pathologies such as pulmonary malignancy, severe obstructive lung disease, acute respiratory failure, and pneumonia are the prevalent disorders that can lead to SIADH [9].

What lung issues cause low sodium?

Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder in people with lung cancer. It causes low sodium levels and swelling around the body. According to the National Kidney Foundation, normal sodium levels are between 135–145 milliequivalents per liter.

Can lung problems cause low sodium?

Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder in people with lung cancer. It causes low sodium levels and swelling around the body.

Which pneumonia causes hyponatremia?

Background. Low sodium levels are a common feature of patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), particularly if caused by Legionella pneumophila[1–4].

Can pneumonia cause low potassium levels?

Among patients with pneumonia, those with hypophosphatemia (group 1) had significantly lower levels (p < 0.05) of potassium, calcium, and albumin compared to those subjects with normophosphatemia (group 2).

Can low sodium affect your breathing?

An imbalance in sodium or potassium can increase blood volume, which causes blood pressure to increase, or decrease blood volume, causing low blood pressure. Low blood pressure decreases the flow of oxygen to your cells, which can cause shortness of breath.

Why is sodium low with COPD?

Hyponatremia can occur in COPD patients as a manifestation of secondary water retention in comorbidities such as heart or renal failure.

What is central pontine myelinolysis (CPM)?

Central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) is a neurological disorder that most frequently occurs after too rapid medical correction of sodium deficiency (hyponatremia). The rapid rise in sodium concentration is accompanied by the movement of small molecules and pulls water from brain cells.

What is extrapontine myelinolysis (EPM)?

Certain areas of the brain are particularly susceptible to myelinolysis, especially the part of the brain stem called the pons. Some individuals will also have damage in other areas of the brain, which is called extrapontine myelinolysis (EPM). Experts estimate that 10 percent of those with CPM will also have areas of EPM.

What is the pathophysiology of extra pontine demyelination?

In some cases, demyelination occurs outside the pons too; cases which include extrapontine demyelination are labelled “osmotic demyelination syndrome”, “extra pontine myelinolysis” or “osmotic myelinolysis”. Microscopically the lesion shows degeneration and loss of oligodendrocytes with preservation of axons unless the lesion is very advanced.

What are the long term effects of myelinolysis?

At its most severe, myelinolysis can lead to coma, “locked-in” syndrome (which is the complete paralysis of all of the voluntary muscles in the body except for those that control the eyes), and death. Although many affected people improve over weeks to months, some have permanent disability.