Does cardioplegia stop the heart?

The word cardioplegia combines the Greek cardio meaning the “heart”, and plegia “paralysis”. Technically, this means arresting or stopping the heart so that surgical procedures can be done in a still and bloodless field.

What are cardioplegic drugs?

DESCRIPTION. Cardioplegic Solution is a sterile, nonpyrogenic, essentially isotonic, formulation of electrolytes in water for injection. It is a “core solution” intended for use only after addition of sodium bicarbonate to adjust pH prior to administration.

What are cardioplegic solutions?

Solution. Cardioplegia Solution A is a sterile, non-pyrogenic solution for cardiac perfusion in a Viaflex bag. It is used to induce cardiac stasis and to protect the myocardium during open-heart surgery.

What is hot shot cardioplegia?

Warm blood hyperkalaemic reperfusion (hot shot) prevents myocardial substrate derangement in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery.

Who discovered cardioplegia?

The term cardioplegia (cardio, heart and plegia, paralysis) was first introduced by Lam in 1957 (Lam et al., 1957), yet the method of arrest has its roots in the early experiments of British physiologist Sidney Ringer using the frog heart (Figure 2).

Where is cardioplegia injected?

Anterograde cardioplegia is administered into a small cannula placed in the ascending aorta or directly into the coronary ostia. Retrograde cardioplegia is delivered through a catheter placed through the right atrium into the coronary sinus. Cardioplegia is then delivered into the venous system of the heart.

What is del Nido cardioplegia solution?

Del Nido cardioplegic solution (DNC), a blood-and-crystalloid solution, is used as a single-dose antegrade infusion to induce rapid cardiac arrest and provide at least 90 minutes of myocardial protection in neonatal heart surgery.

What is Custodiol cardioplegia?

Custodiol is an intracellular crystalloid cardioplegic solution used by some centres for myocardial protection in complex cardiac surgery and for organ preservation in transplant surgery.

What is cardioplegia solution made of?

Each 100 mL of solution contains Calcium Chloride Dihydrate USP 17.6 mg, Magnesium Chloride, Hexahydrate USP 325.3 mg, Potassium Chloride USP 119.3 mg and Sodium Chloride USP 643 mg in Water for Injection, USP. May contain HCl and/or NaOH for pH adjustment.

What is del Nido solution?

The del Nido cardioplegia solution was originally developed for infant and pediatric patients and has been in use for 18 years at Boston Children’s Hospital. This cardioplegia is generally given as a single 20-mL/kg dose antegrade at 8–12°C through a recirculating delivery system.

How do you ReVerse cardioplegia?

The ReVerse cardioplegia circuit system is a description of a two-pump cardioplegia circuit which is adaptable to either blood or crystalloid cardioplegia. The change from one mode to another requires a manoeuvre of two clamps, allowing the blood solution to travel through shunt tubing into the apposite pumphead.

What should be the temperature of warm cardioplegia?

Optimal Temperature. Most investigators have reported using warm cardioplegia at 37 °C, and others, at temperatures above 35 °C.

What is cold blood cardioplegia?

The technique of myocardial protection by means of a cardioplegic solution consisting of cold blood (10 degrees C) with potassium (30 mEq. per liter) is described. A disposable cooling coil is used and a separate pump head for coronary perfusion is avoided.

What is del Nido?

SUMMARY. The del Nido cardioplegia solution was originally developed for infant and pediatric patients and has been in use for 18 years at Boston Children’s Hospital. This cardioplegia is generally given as a single 20-mL/kg dose antegrade at 8–12°C through a recirculating delivery system.

How is cardioplegia given?

Who invented Delnido cardioplegia?

Del Nido cardioplegia was developed by Pedro Del Nido and his team at the University of Pittsburgh in 1990s. It has been used for pediatric cardiac surgery in Boston’s Children Hospital since 1994 and, since 2003, it has been successfully used for adult cardiac surgery as well [8].

What is buckberg cardioplegia?

Modified Buckberg cardioplegia is a dextrose-based solution in normal saline with potassium chloride as the depolarizing agent, tromethamine as the buffer, and citrate phosphate double dextrose as a calcium chelator and delivered 4:1 oxygenated patient’s blood to crystalloid.

What is retrograde cardioplegia?

Retrograde coronary sinus cardioplegia is being used for myocardial protection with ever-increasing frequency during complex cardiac operations. New methods for introducing cardioplegia into the coronary sinus have been facilitated by improved balloon-tipped catheters.