What are the 4 classes of acid-base disorders?
There are four simple acid base disorders: (1) Metabolic acidosis, (2) respiratory acidosis, (3) metabolic alkalosis, and (4) respiratory alkalosis. Metabolic acidosis is the most common disorder encountered in clinical practice.
How is acid-base disorder treated?
Treating pH imbalance
- oral or intravenous sodium bicarbonate to raise blood pH.
- sodium citrate to treat metabolic acidosis due to distal renal tubular acidosis.
- insulin and intravenous fluids to treat ketoacidosis.
- renal replacement therapy (dialysis)
What are acid-base disorders?
Acid-base disorders are pathologic changes in carbon dioxide partial pressure (Pco2) or serum bicarbonate (HCO3−) that typically produce abnormal arterial pH values. Acidemia is serum pH < 7.35. Alkalemia is serum pH > 7.45.
What are the 2 most common chemical buffers?
The three major buffer systems of our body are carbonic acid bicarbonate buffer system, phosphate buffer system and protein buffer system.
- Carbonic acid bicarbonate buffer system.
- Phosphate buffer system.
- Protein buffer system.
What is the most common type of acidosis?
Lactic acidosis. Lactic acidosis results from overproduction of lactate, decreased metabolism of lactate, or both. (See also… read more is the most common cause of metabolic acidosis in hospitalized patients. Lactate accumulation results from a combination of excess formation and decreased metabolism of lactate.
Which two mechanisms are used to correct an acid-base imbalance?
Each acid-base disturbance provokes automatic compensatory mechanisms that push the blood pH back toward normal. In general, the respiratory system compensates for metabolic disturbances while metabolic mechanisms compensate for respiratory disturbances.
