What is a prediction of the Trivers Willard hypothesis?
The Trivers–Willard hypothesis (TWH) [1] predicts that, when one sex exhibits more variation in reproductive value, then mothers in good condition should ‘prefer’ offspring of that sex, while mothers in poor condition should ‘prefer’ offspring of the other sex.
What is Triver’s theory?
Parental investment theory, a term coined by Robert Trivers in 1972, predicts that the sex that invests more in its offspring will be more selective when choosing a mate, and the less-investing sex will have intra-sexual competition for access to mates.
What is Trivers parental investment theory?
Trivers’ parental investment model states that individuals facing higher levels of parental investment will become increasingly choosy in their choice of mates. For humans, this leads to two predictions. First, both males and females will be choosier in relationships more likely to lead to the production of children.
Which of the following is a critical assumption of the Trivers Willard hypothesis?
The Trivers-Willard Hypothesis (TWH) relies on 3 critical assumptions: (1) that parental condition is correlated with offspring condition, (2) that offspring condition is correlated with condition in adulthood and (3) that condition differentially affects the mating success of each sex (e.g., males in good condition …
What is good gene hypothesis?
good genes hypothesis, in biology, an explanation which suggests that the traits females choose when selecting a mate are honest indicators of the male’s ability to pass on genes that will increase the survival or reproductive success of her offspring.
What is the evolutionary reason for parent offspring conflict as explained by Trivers?
Parent–offspring conflict theory, formulated by evolutionary biologist Robert Trivers in 1974, maintains that parents and offspring should disagree over the amount of parental resources invested in the offspring so that offspring should always demand more than parents are willing to invest.
What is Fisher’s runaway hypothesis?
Fisherian runaway posits that the evolution of the peacock tail is made possible if peahens have a preference to mate with peacocks that possess a longer and more colourful tail.
Why female has greater parental investment compare to male?
Females, because they produce eggs, make a larger parental investment prior to mating. Males can replenish their gamete supply and return to the mating pool sooner than females because they produce small, cheap sperm rather than large, costly eggs.
Which statement is consistent with Trivers’s 1972 theory of parental investment?
In summary Trivers 1972 theory of parental investment and sexual selection makes two profound predictions: 1) The sex that invests more in offspring (typically, but not always, the female) will be more discriminating or selective about mating; and 2) the sex that invest less in offspring will be more competitive for …
Which statement helps explain why male Pipefishes produce very few sperm?
What helps explain why male pipefish produce very few sperm? Male fitness is limited mostly by the number of eggs they can care for.
How does parental conflict affect children’s development?
Children may experience anxiety, depression, shame, or other issues when conflicted parental relationships result in dysfunctional parenting practices. Parental conflict can result in reduced parental involvement, harsh discipline practices, lack of praise and acknowledgement, and increased parent-child conflict.
What is the parental conflict hypothesis?
The parental conflict hypothesis predicts that the selection pressure for imprinting will depend on reproductive behaviour. Because Arabidopsis self-pollinates, all the offspring of a plant have the same father, and the parental conflict should be relaxed. Vielle-Calzada et al.
What causes runaway selection?
Runaway selection is a mechanism whereby a secondary sexual trait expressed in one sex becomes genetically correlated with a preference for the trait in the other sex. The genetic coupling of the trait and the preference leads to self-reinforcing loops of coevolution between the trait and preference for the trait.
What is chase away selection?
Chase-away sexual selection posits that some male traits that attract females may actually be disadvantageous to the female, for example persuading her to mate with a frequency or at a time that is harmful to her (how?).
What is parental investment psychology?
In evolutionary psychology, parental investment (PI) is any parental expenditure (time, energy etc.) that benefits one offspring at a cost to parents’ ability to invest in other components of fitness (Clutton-Brock 1991: 9; Trivers 1972).
What is paternity uncertainty?
The paternity uncertainty hypothesis predicts that grandparents bias their investments towards their daughters’ children, because grandparents are more certain of their genetic relationship with their daughters’ children than with their sons’ children.
What’s an example of parental investment?
In birds, for example, during the egg stage, parental investment includes incubation of the eggs and defense of the nest against potential predators, while after the nestlings hatch, parents must also feed the offspring, in addition to providing thermoregulatory aid (called brooding at this stage) and continuing nest …
