How do DNA replicate and protein synthesis occur?
How is DNA replicated? Replication occurs in three major steps: the opening of the double helix and separation of the DNA strands, the priming of the template strand, and the assembly of the new DNA segment. During separation, the two strands of the DNA double helix uncoil at a specific location called the origin.
Which enzyme adds the RNA bases that are complementary to the DNA sequence?
The telomerase attaches to the end of the chromosome, and complementary bases to the RNA template are added on the end of the DNA strand.
What is the function of the DNA polymerase enzyme during DNA replication?
DNA polymerase is responsible for the process of DNA replication, during which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied into two identical DNA molecules. Scientists have taken advantage of the power of DNA polymerase molecules to copy DNA molecules in test tubes via polymerase chain reaction, also known as PCR.
What does DNA polymerase do in protein synthesis?
DNA polymerase synthesizes double-stranded DNA molecules from unwound DNA strands during replication. Even though the end products of replication and transcription are different, they both work upon DNA by adding nucleotides in the same 5′ to 3′ direction.
What enzymes are involved in DNA replication?
DNA replication involves a certain sequence of events. For each event, there is a specific enzyme which facilitates the process. There are four main enzymes that facilitate DNA replication: helicase, primase, DNA polymerase, and ligase.
What enzyme removes RNA primer and replaces with DNA?
DNA polymerase I
RNA primers are removed and replaced with DNA by DNA polymerase I. The gaps between DNA fragments are sealed by DNA ligase.
What are the two major functions of DNA polymerases?
The two main functions of DNA Polymerase are replication and proofreading.
Does replication or transcription use DNA polymerase?
DNA provides a simple mechanism for replication. In transcription, or RNA synthesis, the codons of a gene are copied into messenger RNA by RNA polymerase….Comparison chart.
| Replication | Transcription | |
|---|---|---|
| Enzymes Required | DNA Helicase, DNA Polymerase. | Transcriptase (type of DNA Helicase), RNA polymerase. |
Does transcription use DNA polymerase?
Transcription is carried out by an enzyme called RNA polymerase and a number of accessory proteins called transcription factors. Transcription factors can bind to specific DNA sequences called enhancer and promoter sequences in order to recruit RNA polymerase to an appropriate transcription site.
What function does the protein DNA polymerase perform and why?
DNA polymerases perform two central functions in organisms: DNA replication and DNA repair. Both activities are essential to the proper development and function of an organism.
Which enzyme is used first in replication?
helicase
The first step in DNA replication is to ‘unzip’ the double helix structure of the DNA? molecule. This is carried out by an enzyme? called helicase which breaks the hydrogen bonds? holding the complementary? bases? of DNA together (A with T, C with G).
What elongates as DNA unwinds and is replicated continuously?
– One strand is called the leading strand and is elongated as the DNA unwinds; built continuously by addition of nucleotides to the 3′ end. – The other strand, the lagging strand, elongates away from the replication fork.
What enzyme uncoils the DNA?
Helicase
DNA Replication for HL Students
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which enzyme uncoils the DNA and separates the two strands? | Helicase |
| Which enzyme adds an RNA primer to both strands? | RNA primase |
| Which enzymes adds DNA nucleotides to each original strand? | DNA polymerase III adds |
What removes RNA primers in replication?
RNA primers are removed and replaced with DNA by DNA polymerase I. The gaps between DNA fragments are sealed by DNA ligase.
