What is HFrEF vs HFpEF?

HFrEF, mostly occurs in male patients and is the consequence of cardiomyocyte loss. In contrast, HFpEF is often diagnosed in elderly female patients, who suffer from (a cluster of) non-cardiac comorbidities, such as hypertension, T2DM, stroke, anaemia, pulmonary disease, liver disease, sleep apnoea, gout, and cancer.

What does HFpEF stand for?

INTRODUCTION Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a clinical syndrome in which patients have signs and symptoms of HF as the result of high left ventricular (LV) filling pressure despite normal or near normal LV ejection fraction (LVEF; ≥50 percent) [1-5].

How do you treat HFpEF?

Calcium channel blockers – In patients with HFpEF, calcium channel blockers are generally used as a third- or fourth-line therapy for hypertension. Ineffective therapies — Organic nitrates, phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, and digoxin are ineffective for the treatment of HFpEF.

Can you have both HFpEF and HFrEF?

Given this, it stands to reason that benefit may derive from targeting each of them—each root cause—distinctly. Do the results of PARAGON-HF point us to a more fluid clinical scenario in which HFpEF and HFrEF can coexist in the same patient? Manifestly, EF cannot be both preserved and reduced at the same time.

How long can you live with preserved ejection fraction?

Conclusions: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction has a poor prognosis, comparable with that of HF with reduced EF, with a 5 year survival rate after a first episode of 43% and a high excess mortality compared with the general population.

Can HFpEF be cured?

HFpEF is a progressive condition with no cure, but its progression can be slowed or halted in many people through aggressive treatment and lifestyle changes. In most people, heart failure is a chronic condition that requires lifelong treatment.

What is life expectancy with HFpEF?

Prognosis of HFpEF Survival of patients with HFpEF is poor, and HFpEF is associated with high inhospital, short-term, and long-term mortality rates [2, 3, 20, 23]. In a major observational study, 5-year-survival among patients with HFpEF was reported as 35–40 % after hospitalization for HF [1].

What happens at the end of heart failure?

In the final stages of heart failure, people feel breathless both during activity and at rest. Persistent coughing or wheezing. This may produce white or pink mucus. The cough may be worse at night or when lying down.