How does a sputter ion pump work?
Operating principle of sputter-ion pumps The ions impinge upon the cathode of the cold cathode discharge electrode system and sputter the cathode material (titanium). The titanium deposited at other locations acts as a getter film and adsorbs reactive gas particles (e.g., nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen).
What is sputter ion?
A sputter-ion pump consists basically of two electrodes, anode and cathode, and a magnet (Fig. 1). The anode is usually cylindrical and made of stainless steel. The cathode plates positioned on both sides of the anode tube are made of titanium, which serves as the gettering material.
What are the ion pumps?
Ion pumps are channels that use the ATP hydrolysis energy to transfer ions from one side of a membrane to the other against their electrochemical gradient (Harold, 1986; Laüger, 1991). Similar to passive channels, they are selective, i.e. a pump structure is only adapted to the passage of a particular ion.
What is getter ion pump?
Ion getter pumps (also called sputter ion pumps or simply ion pumps) produce ultra-high vacuum (UHV) without the aid of moving parts or valves. This makes them highly effective, quiet and low maintenance.
What is the difference between ion pumps and gated channels?
Ion pumps can be distinguished from ion channels on the basis that ion pumps actively transport ions against a concentration gradient, while ion channels allow ions to passively flow down a concentration gradient.
How does a turbomolecular pump work?
These pumps work on the principle that gas molecules can be given momentum in a desired direction by repeated collision with a moving solid surface. In a turbomolecular pump, a rapidly spinning fan rotor ‘hits’ gas molecules from the inlet of the pump towards the exhaust in order to create or maintain a vacuum.
What is the importance of ion pumps?
It is necessary for all cells in the human body that the sodium-potassium pump works as it should. The pump is a complex and fascinating machine that works from its position in the cell membrane to ensure the right balance between sodium and potassium ions in the intracellular and extracellular environments.
Why is ion pumps important?
The pumps continuously move sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell. The intracellular and extracellular compartments are thus closely integrated and interdependent: changes in one have immediate effects on the other. In clinical medicine…
Is ion pump active or passive?
active transport
These pumps are an example of active transport—transport that requires energy from some other sources in order to move the desired substrates. Typically, the ion pumps are driven by energy acquired from ATP hydrolysis. The main features of active transport are: Molecules are moved against the concentration gradient.
What are the three types of ion channels?
There are three main types of ion channels, i.e., voltage-gated, extracellular ligand-gated, and intracellular ligand-gated along with two groups of miscellaneous ion channels.
What ways turbomolecular pump is susceptible to damage?
Turbo-molecular pumps (TMP) often incur damage because of damage to external gas inlets such as clamp and view port, which often occur in industries or university laboratories where vacuum is applied.
Why do we use sputtering?
Sputtering is used extensively in the semiconductor industry to deposit thin films of various materials in integrated circuit processing. Thin antireflection coatings on glass for optical applications are also deposited by sputtering.
What type of transport is ion pumps?
What are 2 major differences between ion pumps and ion channels?
What is the difference between ion channel and ion pump?
Ions flow passively through ion channels, down electrical and concentration gradients, at speeds that can approach the diffusion limit. By contrast, ion pumps generate those gradients by expending energy (usually in the form of ATP, or gradients of sodium ions or protons) to slowly move ions thermodynamically uphill.
